Essay --

Bonds and Equities Defining Bonds and Equities Bonds are certificates of obligation or indebtedness, issued by governments and companies to raise funds repayable at interest over relatively long periods. Equities are investments exercised by purchasing a share in the ownership of a corporation; and are more commonly called stocks or shares (as in the stock market or share market). Bonds have a very favorable relationship with equities. Historically, when equity markets fell, bonds had gone up in value, partially offsetting the fall. When equity markets rise, interestingly, high quality bonds also tend to rise, although to a lesser extent. Therefore for an investor with equity portfolio wanting to reduce portfolio volatility or make the portfolio less susceptible to a fall in equity markets bonds are the most appropriate. Bonds generally pay a much higher income than high quality government and corporate bonds to compensate for higher risk. Similar to equities, bonds tend to perform best when economic growth is strong with low stable interest rates. In such an environment the ability of these companies to pay interest and repay their bonds on the maturity date is greatly enhanced. [Z. Bodie, 2000] Investment in bonds and equities, usually via stock-markets and other exchanges for financial instruments. So-called "portfolio investment" is usually relatively easy to re-sell; hence this type of investment can flow relatively easily into and out of a country's stock-markets. This can lead to volatility in share-prices and levels of capital availability. What’s the difference? Equities are shares listed on the stock exchange. Their prices are influenced by the underlying performance of the companies, the sectors in which they operate ... ...easures pertaining to the micro stability of the intermediaries can be subdivided into two categories; general rules on the stability of all business enterprises and entrepreneurial activities, such as the legally required amount of capital, borrowing limits and integrity requirements; and more specific rules due to the special nature of financial intermediation, such as risk based capital ratios, limits to portfolio investments and the regulation of off-balance activities. [White 1996] References Z Bodie, A Kane and A J Marcus. "Investments". 5th Ed. Irwin 2000. E J Elton and M J Gruber. "Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis". John Wiley 5th Edition 1995. White L., 1996, "International Regulation of Securities Markets: Competition or Harmonization?† in Lo A. (ed), The Industrial organization and Regulation of the Securities Industry, NBER, Cambridge

Psychological Mindsets in the Black Cat, My Last Duchess

The reality of life is that at some point it will all come to an end. End, one referencing it to when one is pronounced dead. Since death is unavoidable, we must take into account death because it is the finalization of our lives spent on this earth as well as an account of the way we left this world. There are numerous ways that one can leave this world, some die peacefully while others may die by force.The following will reveal the psychological mindsets concerning death as depicted in Poe’s â€Å"The Black Cat†, Browning’s â€Å"My Last Duchess†, and Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not Stop for Death†, and the ramifications of perverseness, pride, and eternity In â€Å"The Black Cat,† Poe uses perverseness to explain the narrator’s pursuit to murder Pluto, the black cat, and eventually his wife. The narrator had once loved animals, but alcoholism contributed to his change of temperament and irritableness, which led to the a buse of his pets and his wife.His reasoning for gouging Pluto’s eyes out, and then murdering the animal was because it loved him as he rejected it. The narrator had a sense of self-loathing and self-hatred that made him want to continue doing wrong to Pluto, which we identify to be: This spirit of perverseness, I say, came to my final overthrow. It was this unfathomable longing of the soul to vex itself-to offer violence to its own nature- to do wrong for the wrong’ssake only- that urged me to continue finally to consummate the injury I had inflicted upon the unoffending brute (Poe 138).After the death of Pluto, another cat who resembles Pluto, but with an added splotch of white fur becomes the narrators’ new pet, which fills the void of the narrator’s loss of Pluto. The new cat begins to disgust the narrator: â€Å"By slow degrees these feelings of disgust and annoyance rose into the bitterness of hatred†¦I came to look upon it with unutterable loa thing, and to flee silently from its odious presence, as from the breath of a pestilence†(Poe 140). The narrator doesn’t inflict harm on the cat for a while because it reminds him of Pluto and his evil deed.Although, the narrator feels shame and guilt he is not remorseful of his actions due to his perverse spirit because really: â€Å"Evil thoughts became my sole inmates-the darkest and most evil thoughts. The moodiness of my usual temper increased to hatred of all things and all of mankind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Poe 141). The narrator’s soul, which is full of madness and hatred, led him one day while his wife came with him to run some errands into the cellar, to attack the cat in rage. The cat had somehow made the narrator trip as he followed them into the cellar and this ignited fury from the narrator’s soul.His wife stopped his attempt to hit the cat with an axe and because of his wife’s actions, his madness shifted: â€Å"Goaded by the interference in to a rage more than demoniacal, I withdrew my arm from her grasp and buried the axe in her brain† (Poe 141). Poe uses the principle of perverseness in many of his other works as well as â€Å"The Black Cat† to portray: â€Å"To an ambiguous balancing of forces of attraction and repulsion (the seductive pull towards self destruction)† (Ketterer 28).This is the reason why the narrator’s perverse spirit caused him to murder with not much of a thought of remorse, but that he had committed a deadly sin, in which he found comfort in because what he was doing was leading him to his own self-destruction. Also, the narrator can be depicted as a victim to his mind, which led him to murder because when one reads Poe’s stories there tends to be an account where: â€Å"the imaging, then verbal expression create the fiend that overtakes the narrator’s reason†¦. ccording to the story’s analysis of the souls faculties, the human imagination crea tes a tangible, readily perceptible being† (Bieganowski 176-177). The narrator can be considered a victim, because the reader can sympathize that he is helpless and sick to the perverse spirit that becomes his nature. The narrator constantly in his mind goes through the continuous tugging between right and wrong and good and evil, till he finally wants it all to stop and in his mind, everything is distorted to do evil, in order to cease the tugging.In â€Å"My Last Duchess,† Browning uses the motive of pride to provide the Duke of Ferra’s reasoning for why he has his wife killed. In the beginning of the poem, the Duke of Ferra is addressing an ambassador, when he brings up a painting on the wall of his last Duchess. As his last Duchess is depicted, the Duke describes her as finding pleasure in the little things and not of the things he gave her. Furthermore she did not value his name nor admire him.By the start of the poem, the Duke of Ferra has shown his own ins ecurities about his last Duchess because he couldn’t control her and therefore the picture of her on the wall is now his dominance over her. As the duke talks of his Duchess, her actions in someway displeased him as she did a number of things wrong: â€Å"A heart-how shall I say? -too soon made glad, too easily impressed†¦somehow-I know not how-as if she ranked my gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name†(Browning 513). The Duke of Ferra is possessive, as well as arrogant and proud in nature.Due to his character and mania the Duke took everything his Duchess did as an offence because he wasn’t in control and so his pride led him to believe: Even had you skill in speech-which I have not-to make yourwill quite clear to such an one, and say you disgust me; hereyou miss, or there you exceed the mark-and if she let herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse-even then would be some stooping; and I choose never to stoop (Brow ning 513).The Duke of Ferra justifies killing his wife before even mentioning that he has had her killed because in the Duke’s mind he see’s the Duchess’ smiles as incriminating. He thinks this because she didn’t just smile for him, but others as well, which is one of the jealousies that consumes him. The Duke’s jealous and possessive nature arouses his mania to be in complete control of a being, in this case his last Duchess. With all the Duke’s frustrations and concerns about his last Duchess off his chest and because of his own sense of pride for her to be what he wanted her to be: â€Å" I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together.There she stands as if alive† (Browning 513). The Duke refers to his last Duchess as standing there as if she was alive as a means to show his vain character. When the narrator looks at his last Duchess, he doesn’t just see in the painting the picture of her, but the painting is just another valued object, in which he is proud to possess. As pride is depicted for why the narrator went so far as to have his last Duchess murdered, the narrator’s actions can be self-evaluated to constitute the emotion of pride that overcame his judgment.With emotions there is more than the substantial basis to how one feels: â€Å"They are adaptive patterns of behavior arising from a person’s appraised relation to ongoing events†¦ beginning with appraisals of notable changes in an individual’s goals, motives, or concerns (Tangey and Fischer 65-66). From this explanation of emotions, the narrator adapted his sense of pride from his careful watch of his wife as more and more things that she did offended him. The narrator took into consideration every action his wife did from her smiles to her otal unawareness of the narrator’s notable name. Also from the explanation of emotions one can understand why the narrator didn’t simply just have his wife murd ered swiftly when he was displeased with her the first time. The narrator came to a gradual decision to have his wife murdered because of his emotions of pride and the sense of mania that grew from the displeasure of the ongoing events of his last Duchess, which lead him to believe what he couldn’t control, was a problem.Therefore, the narrator murders his wife due to the emotion of pride, which is defined: On the basis of a growing literature, we suggest that pride is generated by appraisals that one is responsible for a socially valued outcome or for being a socially valued person. Pride comprises action tendencies to present one’s worthy self or action to others such as a broad smile, beaming face, erect posture, celebratory gestures or comments, and comments that call attention to the self’s accomplishment. Internal reac-tions include increased heart rate and skin conductance as well as an erratic respiration.The subjective experience of pride involves an ex perience of one’s body or self as taller, stronger or bigger (Tangey and Fischer 66). In â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death,† Dickinson uses death to depict a seducing trip to eternity. From the first lines of the poem they predict the courteous and smooth passage from death to a place of eternity: â€Å" Because I could not stop for Death- He kindly stopped for me- the Carriage held but just ourselveles- And Immortality â€Å"(Dickinson 541). The Carriage driver is then depicted as being civil and courteous to the narrator.As the carriage driver is taking her closer and closer to death, the narrator passes childhood like memories till eventually they stop at her grave: â€Å"We passed the school, where Children strove at recess-in the Ring†¦we passed the Setting Sun- or rather-He passed Us†( Dickinson 541). Then the narrator describes what she is wearing, which is a gossamer, a tippet, and a tulle that shows she is under dressed because she begins to quiver and expresses the sudden chilliness. Then the carriage driver stops. One can imagine it’s a stop at the grave for we can conclude that the scenario is now darker and colder.The narrator uses the description of the house to depict the grave. The whole stop is the actual death of the narrator. The last stanza talks about the horse’s head that is pointed to eternity. This last part is in recognition that the narrator is guessing she’s headed towards eternity. We can infer that this whole experience for the narrator was a natural occurrence. We can also infer that since the carriage driver was courteous and civil, and created the whole attraction to death, that the narrator is going towards eternity.Furthermore since death for the narrator was a positive experience we can conclude that she will reach eternity. The occurrence of death in this story is linked to eternity. When one thinks of eternity it is a positive thought to what happens after our death. T herefore the whole experience of the carriage driver taking the narrator to her death had to symbolize the positive place that she would go next. This poem uses the seductive and attractive nature of the carriage driver to lure the narrator to her death, to the point where she doesn’t realize that she is dying because it came so naturally.The carriage driver is the male persona in this poem, because he creates a gentleman like approach to the narrator. To Dickinson death was an important part of many of her works. Emily Dickinson had an obsession for what happens after this life. This is one of the main inspirations for why most of Dickinson poems and stories revolve around death. This poem specifically â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death,† uses her ideology: â€Å" For Dickinson, thought does not stop just because death cannot or does not appear.Thus the thought-poem proceeds to â€Å"figure death out† in at least two ways, both of which rely on narrative ly precise imagery: one facing death†¦two the poet enacts through imagery the leap into the unknown of death† (Deppman 3). In â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† Dickinson also uses: This category of personification carries two implications: first, that death becomes positive, becomes a thing or person and not an ab- sence or cessation, and second, that there is a relation of self to another beyond death (Death, the gentleman).All of the above maybe interpreted as strategies for a â€Å"creative† death-into-life approach (Nesteruk 28-29). Death was used in the stories of â€Å"The Black Cat,† â€Å"My Last Duchess,† and â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†. The psychological mindset of death depicted in each story or poem explained why the narrator or the protagonist acted the way they did. In â€Å"The Black Cat,† Poe created a narrator whose perverse spirit led him to not only murder his cat, but his wife as well, in this mind debilitating circumstance where the narrator is leading a life towards self-destruction.In â€Å"My Last Duchess,† the Duke’s pride drove him to murder his last Duchess and possess her as a painting that he is proud to own. In â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death,† Dickinson uses a carriage drive to seduce the narrator towards her death, then eventually eternity. Works Cited Page * DiYanni, Robert. Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print. * Ketterer, David. Edgar Allan Poe Life,Work, and Criticism. Canada: York Press, 1989. Print. * Tangey, June P. , and Fischer, Kurt W. Self-Conscious Emotions:The Psychology of Shame, Guilt. Embarrassment, and Pride. New York: 1995.Print. * Bieganowski, Ronald. â€Å"The Self-Consuming Narrator In Poe's â€Å"Ligeia† And â€Å"Usher. † American Literature 60. 2 (1988): 175. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. * Nesteruk, Peter. â€Å"The Many Deaths of Emily Dickinson. † Emily Dickinson Journal 6. 1 (1997): 25-43. Project Muse. Spring 1997. Web. 28 Nov 2012. * Deppman, Jed. â€Å" Dickinson, Death, and the Sublime† Emily Dickinson Journal 9. 1 (2000):1-20. Print. * Schubert, Johan. â€Å" Between eternity and transience: On the significance of time in psycholoanalysis† 26 May. 2001. Web. 28 November. 2012 14 Research Paper English 1100C-7 Professor De Marco November 19, 2012

Why people choose religion - 882 Words

Why People Choose Religion One of the most debated ideas in the world is religion. There has been bloodshed in countries over religion. Religion is a sensitive topic to some people because it is the reason people live their lives like they do. What is the reason people really choose religion? Is it because they truly believe in every detail of a religion or is it because they were told to believe it? It is a question I have thought about for a long time. So, what is religion anyway? According to Dictionary.com, religion is a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as a creation of superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual†¦show more content†¦Greek Mythology was good teach valuable life lessons to everyone and there was a sense of right and wrong in the community then. No one wanted to go to â€Å"Hates†, which was hell. They all lived there lives to go to the heaven’s with Zeus, who was the ruler o f all God’s. The Greeks had no reason to believe otherwise. They had no answers for any of the things that happen so they had a belief for everything. Religion now is in many ways just like the Ancient Greek’s. Nearly every religion has a God or higher being that was the creator or everything and that we were put on the Earth to follow God’s rules so nothing will happen bad in our life after death. There are rules that God’s in religion’s now have that will bring you success in the afterlife just like theirs did. It seems almost as though religions now have been based from that. Some people just choose religion because they have grown up in it. They are told to believe it when they are young and grow up with their family and friends telling them that is what to believe. That is true in a lot of cases, but there are many people that convert religions too. It shows that people use their own minds and what they believe and what they can practice and have the most faith in. It is impossible to know who or what really made life and everything there is, but people have their beliefs on what they believe because of religion. It gives usShow MoreRelatedTeaching Religion and Science In Public Schools998 Words   |  4 Pagesthe subject is religion included. The basic curriculum is made in order to give students skills, knowledge, and to help develop the minds of the future. In science class, evolution is taught either briefly or detailed. It is taught because it is a popular theory that did not seem to choose a certain religion. So why believe that religion and science can be taught together? The evolution of Earth and the universe can be believed in any way an individual chooses. Science and religion are subjectsRead MoreModernity Is A Normal Part Of Daily Life That Has Made Its Way Into Religion1486 Words   |  6 PagesModernity is a normal part of daily life that has made its way into religion. Modernity, disenchantment, and secularization, not only all intertwine and play a role in today’s changing society, but the first one acts as cause for the other two, through ideas such as the Secularization Thesis and secularism arising as part of the disenchanted world. Before explaining how, it is important to first discuss what modernity is. Michael Saler describes it as: â€Å"a mixture of political, social, intellectualRead MoreWhy Do Bad Things Happen?953 Words   |  4 PagesWhy do bad things happen to good people? Where does evil come from in the world? Depending on an individual’s faith, this question might be answered numerous ways. Each religion has their own bases as to why there is evil present, even questioning why a good God would allow suffering. There are four main theories that correlate depending on the religious teachings you believe in and why bad things happen to good people. It is human nature to try to figure out the world around us, and understandRead MoreReligion and New Age Movements968 Words   |  4 Pagesmaterial from item A and elsewhere, assess the view that most people today see spirituality and religious belief as purely private and personal matters. In society today religion can be seen in two different ways, as a private and personal matter or something to share with your community. Some sociologists would argue that religion and spirituality is a private matter because of televangelism, which is where people watch their religions services on television or go on online churches in the comfortRead MoreThe Core Themes Of Religion In Life Of Pi, By Yann Martel769 Words   |  4 Pagesin God is surprising to many people. Looking back at an exercise our class did before reading Life of Pi, by Yann Martel, many of my classmates disagreed that a story could have such an effect. However, Yann Martel proves us all wrong. Throughout the novel, Martel subtly explains what a story is, why people believe in stories, and how religion is an important story worth believing. Pi’s story truly is a story that will make you believe in God because it shows people the importance of believing â€Å"theRead MoreReligion, Gender, And Sexuality 966 Words   |  4 Pageswell when describing the first outside religion event I went to. The event I chose to attend was called Religion, Gender, and Sexuality in the Multifaith Alliance room at Hamline University. It was something that was challenging for me and that s why i’ll be explaining what the event was, the content of the event and what I learned from it, and how this event related to what we have been talking about in class. The event was a big discussion with people of all different faiths. It was led by aRead MoreDifferentiating Between Faith and Religion Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesand why is it important? People believe faith is worth more to people then religion. The person may have the benefits of loving god and excepting him into that persons life without all the so called â€Å"work†. Many people believe that in order to accept God into the life of that person will need to have religion. But is that all wrong? People would rather use faith because they do not want to be apart of a religion. The mentality that people have is that all religions are the same this is why faithRead MoreA Very Short Essay On Religion By Simon Blackburn864 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: In a â€Å"Very Short Essay on Religion† by Simon Blackburn, it talks about Blackburn’s two main claims. The first claims states that religious clothing is practical disposition and the second claims that there is not ontology. In the summary I have briefly summarized the article and the two claims. Then I have moved on to my critique, in which I have agreed with the first claim and disagreed with the second claim. Summary: In Simon Blackburn’s essay it starts off with example of BertrandRead MoreGood and Bad Discrimination1173 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscrimination. This comes from people using stereotypes and being prejudice which creates detrimental situations. However, when a person discriminates it does not mean they are trying to be harmful. Discrimination is when one distinctively favors or is against certain groups, categories, people, and classes and or things that may come from them. Discrimination its self is not bad, but the things that can stem from it, are actually what makes people look at it negatively. People discriminate for many reasonsRead MoreFactors That Influence Food Habits and Culture Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesFactors that influence food habits and culture How do you choose your food? This is a very simple question for most people,but we may get a hundred of different answers. Therefore,What factors actually influence our food habit and culture ? During the long history of human, food habits and culture are influenced by many factors. I want to discuss how food habits and culture influenced by geographical factors, religions factors,social factors and economic factors. First of all, climate is a

French Expressions Using Champ

The French word un champ literally means field and is also used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say sphere of activity, battlefield, having room to move, and more with this list of expressions with champ. Possible Meanings of Un Champ field (all senses)area, domainshot, frame (filming)champagne (apocope) Expressions with Un Champ un champ closcombat areaun champ dactionsphere of activityun champ dactività ©sphere of activityun champ daviationairfieldun champ davoinefield of oatsun champ de bataillebattlefieldun champ de blà ©field of corn/wheatun champ de coursesracecourseun champ de foirefairgroundun champ de manoeuvreparade groundun champ de minesminefieldun champ de neigesnowfieldun champ de tirshooting range, field of fireun champ de trà ¨flefield of cloverun champ de visionvisual fieldun champ dhonneurfield of honorun champ à ©lectriqueelectric fieldun champ magnà ©tiquemagnetic fieldun champ opà ©ratoireoperative fieldun champ optiqueoptical fieldun champ ouvertopen fieldun champ visuelvisual fieldles champscountry(side)les Champs Élysà ©esElysian Fields (mythology), street in Parisà   tout bout de champall the time, at every opportunitydans le champin the shot/picture (filming)en champ closbehind closed doorsen robe des champsunpeeled (potatoes)une fleur des champswild flowerhors champoff-c amerala profondeur de champsdepth of fieldsur-le-champimmediately, right awayla vie aux champscountry lifeavoir du champto have room to moveavoir le champ libreto be free to do as one pleasesLe champ est libre.The coast is clear.à ©largir le champto broaden the scopelaisser du champ à   quelquunto leave someone room to movelaisser le champ libre à   quelquunto leave someone a clear fieldmourir au champ dhonneurto be killed in actionpasser à   travers champsto go through/across fields/countryprendre du champsto step/stand backprendre la clà © des champsto run awayse retrouver en plein(s) champ(s)to find oneself in the middle of a fieldsonner aux champsto sound the general salute (military)sortir du champto go out of shot (filming)tomber au champ dhonneurto be killed in actiontravailler aux champsto work in the fields

The Effects Of Artificial Nutrition On Health Professionals

Imagine being admitted to the hospital and being denied your right to have food and water. While it is known that adequate fluid and nutrition is needed for survival, many health professionals are currently going through an ethical dilemma of whether or not to provide artificial tube feeding for patients with terminal diseases. This ethical decision that affects health professionals must take into consideration the recent research that opposes ANH for this population. These studies have demonstrated that artificial nutrition provides higher risk of medical complications, increased pain, and false hope of health recovery to these patients. Professionals have to be mentally and physically prepared to explain to families the pros and cons of artificial nutrition so that together they can arrive to the best ethical decision for each patient (Brody, Hermer, Scott, Grumbles, Kutac, McCammon, 2011). For Family and consumer science professionals such as dietetic students provide support to solve this problem when an ethical educational background is incorporated into their major (Hira,1996). Artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) is defined as providing artificial nutrients and water through an insertion of a tube either into the stomach, the gastrointestinal tract, or through a vein. (Best, 2010). Physicians prefer to use artificial nutrition as the last resort for any type of nutritional feeding. Temporarily artificial nutrition is used until the patient recuperates and isShow MoreRelatedThe Human Diet And Its Effect On Our Society1584 Words   |  7 Pagessubject continued on and in 1985 an article entitled â€Å"Paleolithic nutrition: a consideration of its nature and current implications† was published and it suggested that the development of metabolic diseases in modern society was due to a dietary mismatch (Turner and Thompson, 2013). They suggested that a diet of higher protein, higher fiber, more essential fatty acids, less sodium, and less fat should be the standard for nutrition because that is the diet we evolved to eat (Turner and Thompson, 2013)Re ad MoreThe Benefits Of The Registered Nurse For Every Healthcare Practice Setting2134 Words   |  9 PagesEnd of life care refers to health care, not only of patients in the final hours or days of their lives, but more broadly care of all those with a terminal illness or terminal disease conditions that has become advanced, progressive and incurable. A very critical part in the end of life process is decisions regarding nutrition and hydration. â€Å"In patients with far-advanced and life-limiting conditions such as cancer, artificial nutrition and hydration may be offered to those who suffer from potentiallyRead MoreSports Nutrition And Exercise Physiology1638 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Sports nutrition combines the sciences of nutrition and exercise physiology. 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Though considered a biological andRead MoreEssay on Community Health Nursing Case Review1664 Words   |  7 Pagesdisease and its worsening effects, unfortunately she was moved to a nursing home. Patient Autonomy, defined as the right of patients to make decisions about their medical care without their health care provider trying to influence the decision, allows for health care providers to educate the patient but does not allow the health care provider to make the decision for the patient. The patient Self- Determination Act of 1990 requires that all patients admitted to any health agency be asked if they haveRead MoreExperience the Body-Mind Connection for Fun ctional Wellness!! Therapist Dr. Rama Reddy Jaggavarapu,1100 Words   |  5 Pagesapplies to present fresh insight into artificial intelligence, alien consciousness and mental illness. His programs are designed to accelerate deep understanding of human science and keen eye for mind improvement for future developments. 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Analyze Contractual Relationship of Bill Ciara and Denis with Andy

Question: Discuss about the Analyze the Contractual Relationship of Bill Ciara and Denis with Andy. Answer: Issues Whether the advertisement placed by Andy is an offer or invitation? To analyze the contractual relationship of Bill, Ciara and Denis with Andy? Relevant law The contract law requires agreement, consideration, intention and capacity to make a valid contract.(Enshen, 2017) An agreement is the combination of offer and acceptance. An offer is a suggestion/proposal which is communicated amid an offeror and an offeree. An offer transfers his intention through a proposal and wish that the terms so communicated should be accepted. The offer when comes in the knowledge of the offeree makes an offer complete (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, 1893).(Julie, 2012) If any party wants to cancel his offer then an offeror must cancel the same before an acceptance is complete by an offeree. Any offer after an acceptance has no validity in law. the revocation must reach the offeree in order to be valid (Byrne v Van Tienhoven, (1880)).(Robert Bibi, 2017) In contract law, an invitation is considered not to be an offer. An invitation to treat is an act where a person by placing advertisements, or auctions, notices or tenders or display of goods, invites people to make proposal to the inviter, there making the prosper as offeror. The inviter should accept/reject the proposals/offers of the people to establish an agreement. In (Partridge v Crittenden , [1968] ) an advertisement is held not to be an offer but is an action of invitation to treat. The offeree upon receipt of the offer must confirm it to make a binding agreement. The confirmation is called acceptance and it should be come within the knowledge of the offeror to make any acceptance binding. Keeping the intention in the mind is not an acceptance, it must be communicated to the offeror to make an agreement. In(Felthouse v Bindley , (1862) ), an acceptance which is not communicated and keeping silence is disregarded as an acceptance in law. (Julie, 2012) An acceptance when made by post is complete when the letter is posted and not when the same comes in the knowledge of offeror and is held in (Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH, 1983).(Julie, 2012) When the offeree instated of accepting the offer brings variation to the terms of offer then it is no acceptance and is a counter offer which cancels the offer so made by the offeror. In (Hyde v Wrench , [1840] ) a counter offer is held to be no acceptance in law. The counter offer so made is a new offer. Also, an query by any offeree is not an acceptance in law and does not make an agreement amid the parties (Stevenson Jaques Co v McLean, (1880) ). (Robert Bibi, 2017) Application of law The law is now applied to the given facts, Issue 1 An advertisement is placed by Andy in the newspaper. Now, an advertisement is an invitation as per (Partridge v Crittenden , [1968] ) So, the advertisement by Andy on 30th March is an invitation and Andy must act as an offeree. So, he has invited people to offer to buy his computer for $ 2500. Contract with Bill Bill on 1st April an offer is made via telephone to buy the computer @ 3,000 to be payable in 3 months. This is an offer by Bill with specified terms. Andy should accept the offer of Bill to make an agreement but he denied the offer by saying that he wants to make a quick sale. Thus, by decoying the offer, Andy has terminated the offer and there is now no offer which can be later accepted by Andy. So, the letter which is posted by Bill on 5th April, that he is willing to accept the initial offer that is made by Andy has no relevance because the acceptance which is made by Bill is against the invitation to offer which is made by Andy. There is no offer to which Bill has shown his acceptable. He must make a new offer to Andy which should be accepted by Andy to make a contract. So, the letter by Bill has no relevance, thereby, does not make any contract. Contract with Ciara Ciara on 2nd April, a telephonic conversation took place with Andy wherein she offer to buy the computer @ 2100 but the cash is payable in seven days. Thus, an offer is made by Ciara to Andy through telephone which is heard by Andy. Thus, the offer is valid in law. This offer should be completely accepted by Andy to make an acceptance. But, Andy does not accept the offer of Ciara. But, he made counter statement according to which he replies that he will take $2300 which is payable in seven days time. So, as per (Hyde v Wrench , [1840] ) a counter offer is made which has terminated the offer of Ciara. Now, an offer is made by Andy to Ciara with new terms. Andy is an offeror now, and Ciara must accept the new offer to make a valid contract. Now, Ciara makes a query regarding the ability of the computer to burn DVD. Now, as per (Stevenson Jaques Co v McLean, (1880) ), no enquiry is an acceptance. So, no acceptance is still made by Ciara. Now, on 6th April, a letter of acceptance is posted by Ciara and as per(Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH, 1983)the acceptance is complete as soon as the letter is posted. The letter is received by Andy on 11th April bout it will not change the sanctity of the acceptance and there is concluding contract amid Andy and Ciara on 6th April. Now, Andy wants to cancel his offer and thus he posts a letter of revocation to Ciara on 3rd April. This cancellation is received by Ciara on 7th April. So the revocation is complete on the part of Ciara is when she comes within her knowledge, that is, 7th April. But, an acceptance is already made by Ciara, that is, on 6th, before the offer is relocated. So, the revocation is of no significance. Contract with Denis On 2nd April, a telephonic conversation took place amid Denis and Andy wherein Denis offer to buy the computer @ $2,400. He further submitted that if he does not receive any reply from Andy then he will consider the same as deem acceptance. Andy does not accept the offer and submits that he will think about the same and completely forgets about the same. Now, Andy has forgotten about the offer and no acceptance is made by him. His silence cannot be construed as an acceptance as per (Felthouse v Bindley , (1862) ) as communication of the same is prime to consider an acceptance complete and valid in law. So, there is no acceptance which is made by Andy. Later when Denis intends to collect the computer, then, he cannot do so because there is no acceptance that is made by Andy to the offer of Denis. Conclusion It is concluded, that Andy has established a valid contract with Ciara on 6th April when the letter of acceptance is posted by Ciara to Andy. There is no contract amid Andy and Bill because the offer which is made by Bill was not accepted by Andy and later there is no new offer which is made by Bill to Andy which is accepted by Andy to make a valid contract. Also, Denis cannot ask for the compute because the offer which is made by him is not accepted by Andy by making any express acceptance. Silence is no acceptance. Bibliography Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH (1983). Byrne v Van Tienhoven ((1880)). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893). Enshen, l. (2017). Business and corporate law (Second edition. ed.). Sydney: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited. Felthouse v Bindley ((1862) ). Hyde v Wrench ([1840] ). Julie, C. (2012). Agreement. Retrieved May 10, 2017, from Australian Contract Law: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-agreement.html Partridge v Crittenden ([1968] ). Robert, M., Bibi, S. (2017, May 9). Termination of an offer. Australia. Stevenson Jaques Co v McLean ((1880) ).

Shakespeares Sonnet 18 Essays - Literature, Poetry, Sonnet 18

Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 is part of a group of 126 sonnets Shakespeare wrote that are addressed to a young man of great beauty and promise. In this group of sonnets, the speaker urges the young man to marry and perpetuate his virtues through children, and warns him about the destructive power of time, age, and moral weakness. Sonnet 18 focuses on the beauty of the young man, and how beauty fades, but his beauty will not because it will be remembered by everyone who reads this poem. Shakespeare starts the poem with a metaphoric question in line one asking if he should compare the man to a summer's day. This asks if he should compare the beauty of a summer's day to the beauty of the young man about whom Shakespeare is writing. Line two of this poem states ?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.? Temperate is used as a synonym for moderate by the author. In line two the speaker is describing the man as more lovely and more moderate than a summer's day. This emphasizes the man's beauty and how the man is viewed by the speaker. Line three, ?Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,? tells why the man's beauty is greater than that of a summer's day. Shakespeare uses ?rough winds? to symbolize imperfections. The speaker is implying that there are no imperfections in the young man, but there are in the summer, so the man cannot be compared to a summer's day. In line four the speaker adds to this thought by saying that the summer also does not last as long as the man's beauty therefore it cannot be compared to it. Line five states another imperfection of the summer. Shakespeare uses ?the eye of heaven? as a metaphor in this line to describe the sun. In line six Shakespeare uses the phrase ?gold complexion dimmed? to describe the sun again which means that sometimes the sun is not hot enough, and that, as said in line five, sometimes the sun is too hot. In lines seven and eight the speaker ends the complication by describing how nature is never perfect. Line nine starts the resolution of the poem by using the conjunction ?but?. ?Eternal summer? in line nine is referring back to the man's eternal beauty, using summer to symbolize beauty, and saying that the man's beauty will never fail like the summer's beauty. In lines ten, eleven, and twelve the speaker says that the man, ?When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st? (line 12) or when he grows old, will not lose possession of what is fair to him, and ?Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade? (line 11) or he will not be poor in health and close to dying. Lines thirteen and fourteen say that as long as this poem is read, the man's beauty will never go away, because every time someone reads the poem they will be reminded of his beauty. This poem that Shakespeare wrote, in the octave, describes how all beauty fades except for the man about whom Shakespeare is writing. The octave also tells of how great the man's beauty is compared to everything else that is beautiful. In the sestet, the poem tells about how the man's beauty stays alive and out lives all other beauty. The poem is written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare makes use of much symbolism and many other figurative devices in this poem that contribute and emphasize to the overall theme of the poem.